UK Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

UK Employment Law - Case Study Example The creator has amusingly brought up out of line equity of Mandox towards the excusal of the considerable number of hirelings in her Manson including Bill and the different babysitters who work in the Mandox family unit. In the event that UK business law is going to step up to the plate for making the law against the unjustifiable excusal, the chance of becoming effective is adding up to zero up to the residency of Muriel Mandox, who remains Minister of Justice yet watching the unfortunate circumstance of Bill and the different caretakers in the Mandox family unit, the requirement for solid work law is on popularity. At the point when the peruser come to know the mentality of Charles, well known lack of concern towards outsiders was conceived of class, nationality, riches and demeanor couldn't neglect to be astonished., at that point he/she can promptly comprehend the circumstance of the work bunch working under his influence. He makes certain to utilize them at their need and when need is done; they are tossed out from the activity. The perspective on Muriel Mandox is considerably more feared, she says, 'Search abroad for work. Take a gander at it along these lines. They're less expensive. They work more earnestly. You know where they are. They have no companions and, if not fulfilled, you can toss them out of the nation. What more do you need British employments for British laborers; don't make me giggle. The British laborer is a lethargic, pointless joke.(7)' A Minister of Justice can utilize these kinds of words in the private life in the house just and she will guard 'shamefulness' out in th e open and at the hour of political decision she will despise such individuals who set out to utilize such words. An equity serve has no equity to the class of work, no equity to mankind, no equity to feeling of an individual, no equity to regard the nobility of her nation, no equity to regard to the people of her nation, she just needs the modest work, she just needs harder workers, denoting the British specialist as a joke. In any case, in open she has incidentally differentiating idea, Her own originally thought was to tell the overweening, exploitative industrialist jerk to push off (6).In picking the babysitters for her youngsters, she is a lot of worry on the economy and unwaveringness of them yet she isn't eager to give any consideration to them. They all were sacked when they have done unacceptable occupation with no thought to their essential need of work. In the event that there could have been any insurance law from the UK government, at that point out of line excusal bec ome hard for the individuals of oppressed society or if nothing else they can continue to the official courtroom for the equity, however there are less odds of getting equity as the Minister of Justice is the proprietor of the family, Muriel Mandox. From the outset she had been hesitant to enlist childcare, however of the family of Bleak Hall it quickly became clear that solitary Bill had either tendency or persistence to mind babies. Muriel's first decision babysitter was English, wellborn, however not splendid, nearly generously compensated (5.00 every hour), except sadly persistent on consistency of hours and beaus. She kept going three months. The second, additionally English, better paid (7.00 every hour), regular workers in stock, moreover

Health and safety

Wellbeing and security Undertaking 1INTRODUCTIONThe business, which I have chosen to put together this task with respect to, is Mayfield School And College. The school has an enormous ground zone with 6 extra structures put independently around the school site.As Mayfield has numerous office zones, I have chosen to predominantly concentrate on the IT branch of the college.There are two principle parts of the IT office, which is; «THE PRACTICAL - this includes the utilization of PCs, with a certified educator or director inside the space to help students. «THE THEORY - this includes remove a portion of sitting inside a study hall with the conventional board and pen strategy for teaching.Each exercise is instructed by an IT instructor that is answerable for every understudy. The instructor is obliged by law to be prepared either outwardly or verbally on the best way to lead of all wellbeing and security angles in how to protect understudies inside each room.Health and Safety CommissionThe leader of the I T division is Miss Christina Botha, these obligations would be a piece of her duty, to ensure all educators realize how to utilize gear inside a legitimate way and realize all fire drill guidelines and medical aid partners. This ought to be instructed to the representative during training.As all different business Mayfield needs to obey by the Health and Safety laws. The wellbeing and security law is a UK enactment running since the mid-nineteenth century, the fundamental enactment that is run today is the wellbeing and wellbeing act 1974, and this expects bosses to define a composed wellbeing strategy, spots and commitment on representatives to watch security rules. This demonstration built up the Health and Safety Commission to detail security guidelines and codes of training, and the wellbeing and security official to uphold the arrangements of the act.On the school grounds...

Problems and Preventions of Ebola and AIDS Essays - Ebola, RTT

Issues and Prevention's of Ebola and AIDS Essays - Ebola, RTT Issues and Prevention's of Ebola and AIDS Research Paper #4 Thursday, April 18, 1996 Infections have happened to extraordinary concern all over the world over the most recent couple of decades. The most widely recognized and the most discussed executioner infection is AIDS, an infection that begins as HIV and afterward continues to create into an insusceptible breaker that eventually executes its human host. Up until now, there is no remedy for AIDS, and most sadly the quantities of passings from AIDS just keeps on developing. Be that as it may, another infection has increased a lot of open and national consideration. That infection is called Ebola. It is felt that Ebola's impact on people is confined to Zaire, Africa. Infections that execute individuals in enormous masses is a significant risk to humanity; the main any expectations of crushing the infections is dependant upon innovation. Helps is a savage illness that a great many people comprehend as an explicitly transmitted illness. Truth be told, the infection can be transmitted explicitly, however it can likewise be transmitted through blood transfusions. The way that it very well may be transmitted explicitly causes an incredible issue. Ordinary, huge measures of individuals have sexsome individuals with various accomplices. Individuals may have less sex than before in view of the danger that the infection presents, yet it has just begun, and can't be halted until a fix is found. In contrast to Ebola, AIDS was not identified as ahead of schedule as one would have trusted. The AIDS infection can remain torpid for longer than 10 years before it is seen as a genuine issue (Shenon 8). During that decade, the infection can spread like a fierce blaze. One individual agreements the infection, transmits it to another, also, another, etc. As Shenon clarifies, AIDS got perceived as a genuine issue in the mid seventies and was for the most part moved in the United States what's more, in Africa, however shockingly it arrived at Asia 10 years subsequently. He goes on to clarify that AIDS has spread exponentially in Asia. Thailand, perceived for its expansion of whores and illicit advancement of sex with kids, could be considered answerable for the enormous flare-up of the infection in Asia, clarifies Shenon. He additionally calls attention to that since the infection has just broken out, Asia has the best AIDS anticipation motivation on the planet (8). Until further notice the best anticipation of AIDS that is accessible is training and secured sex. Until a fix is found for the heartless infection, this is the main methods for avoidance that is accessible to general society. Ebola is one of the most quickly lethal infections on the planet and is accepted to have started some place in Zaire, Africa (Altman 3). There is no positive clarification with respect to how the infection is spread. At the point when the infection is shrunk by people it causes hemorrhagic fevers what's more, turns out to be incredibly transmittable (A Case of Deadly Virus 4). Like the AIDS infection, Ebola has no fix. The main favorable position of counteraction that Ebola has over AIDS is that it doesn't remain torpid for quite a long time in this manner, it tends to be secluded a lot speedier. Having the option to confine the infection in one town or nation makes the end of it a lot simpler. It appears to be unavoidable that the two most dangerous infections on the planet are shrunk by the possibility of self protection. As expressed before, AIDS is transmitted explicitly, and Ebola is broadly spread through the utilization of chimpanzee meat that is a typical delicacy in Asia (A Case of Deadly Virus 4). Similarly as sex is a demonstration that is boundless all around the globe, eating chimpanzee meat in Asia is som ething that is common. It is difficult to stop the spread of a malady when it is spread by something that appears natural to an individual. The activity that likely at last prevented the infection from spreading to neighboring nations is the truth that the CDC (Center for Disease Control) and the WHO (World Health Organization) were brief to go the locations of flare-up and start considering the infection (A Case of Deadly Virus 4). At the point when only one man got contaminated with the malady in the western Ivory Coast, the WHO were working on this issue to inspect the issue (A Instance of Deadly Virus 4). Shockingly, the individuals that are attempting to stop the spread of the infection and the individuals who are close with the casualties are those individuals that have the best possibility of being tainted (Altman 3). After a lot of considering the manners in which that the infection is spread, it became apparent that there are different approaches to turn into

Political Cartoon Essay Examples

Political Cartoon Essay ExamplesThe ability to get creative with political cartoons has become more of a trend lately. Political cartoons can really be very persuasive if they are well drawn and have a simple message. Political cartoons can be made to fit your specific needs and your target audience and used as a medium to deliver the correct message to them.A cartoon writer, a cartoonist or illustrator, will draw cartoons for a specific situation and then is asked to render a drawing of that scenario. They are given a variety of tools in the form of software and drawing tablet devices to enhance their graphic skills and at the same time making use of their creativity. For example, in a school essay, they might be given drawing software that allows them to put images of kids and school-life pictures and put together a picture of a youngster making it look like a crime scene. A child lost his glasses in a tragic accident and this drawing of a child in a pool, looking like he has lost his glasses, would put the reader of the essay off in a matter of seconds.Political cartoons essay samples can also show the student the effect that other people have had on his life. They can look at newspapers and magazines to see what has been happening in the world during a certain period of time and then use these pictures to enhance the kind of person that he or she has become.If a main character from the daily paper or magazine is a criminal, then the writing might seem totally different and the illustration of the criminal being apprehended by police might not look exactly the same from day to day. In political cartoons essay samples, a cartoonist may depict a scene where a group of people are passing by and how all the people are dressed in street clothes or in working clothes.Political cartoons essay samples can take different forms too. They might depict a group of students dressed up in their formal uniforms passing by with flags flying and a police vehicle being used as a vehicle of a dictator to goaround the campuses. In this case, the cartoon should be clearly different from a drawing of students rushing to class.In one of my cartoons, a mother was crying while hugging her son on her lap while a police officer held her down. The cartoon wrote about how she is too terrified to see her son; she is terrified of him. The cartoonist of the cartoon wrote to me that she is frightened to see her son because he is 'incredibly bad tempered'.The cartoon writer was able to turn this into a strong argument against the government. In conclusion, a strong argument can be made from drawing cartoons in political cartoons essay samples.

Principals of Corporate Finance - Motorway Access Ltd - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3102 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The question of whether or not to proceed with a project requiring significant capital expenditure is one which involves considerations running the gamut of issues facing the firm.   Taking a purely financial perspective the firm is required by Fischers Separation Theorem to return the maximum amount of wealth to shareholders  (Fischer, Reprinted 1977).   In the modern firm ownership is separated from control in the form of the capital of the company being held, traditionally at least by shareholders who have little to do with the day to day running of the firm, this being entrusted to the Directors appointed to the board by the trustees and shareholders.   As such in the modern finance world there is a considerable agency problem whereby the owners of the firms capital have a degree of separation from the control of their capital  (Farma, 1978).   As such it is expected, and enforced by the market in terms of the willingness of investors to place capital under a firms control, that a firm will return wealth consummate with an acceptable degree of risk.   Indeed it is the risk of an investment which dries the importance of investment appraisal in firms and understanding the difference between systematic and un-systematic risk underpins much of the following discussion of the investment appraisal process  (Hirshliefer, 1961). Un-systematic risk is the risk associated with the unique operations and conditions of the firm and is relatively unimportant (at least in terms of the financial theory) whilst systematic risk, especially as represented as the Beta of the firm (more of which later) is the risk of the class of share within the market  (Pogue, 2004).   The theory is that a share price is determined by its relation to the capital market line, in terms of the random walk theory, which governs the movement of the share with the market.   Shares move as the market moves, generally speaking, and so how much they move represents the syste matic risk to the shareholder.   Beta is now one of the most common ways to measure the value of equity capital and is also used heavily in portfolio theory.   It is not without controversy or criticism.  Ã‚   Betas are worked out using a wide range of financial data from the past and as such many commentators have argued that Beta has little to tell us about the future.   There are significant problems with translating accounting data into price relevant information, particularly there is at best a tenuous link between earnings and book values of assets and prices observed in the market.   Particularly the Ohlson model which it is argued demonstrates a coefficient between these figures and price (also which it is assumed makes sense of both the Modigliani and Miller relevancy hypothesis and Gordon and Shapiros value metrics)  (Pogue, 2004).   Notwithstanding these criticisms and the accepted criticism of the random walk theory, which are considerable, Beta is still wi dely accepted as a way of dealing with systematic risk. What does this mean for Investment Appraisal techniques?   In terms of the accepted methodology of investment appraisal the goal of such appraisal has to be the increase in wealth of the shareholders, and as such many of the techniques which are readily deployed by managers have no theoretical basis.   In the following appraisal of the project a number of techniques are used to give decision relevant information of the project  (Graham, 2001).   The company has two criteria which it uses to judge the acceptability of a project, the Return on Investment, which it states must be above 15% and the payback period, which must be within three years.   Both of these methods give information in terms of in the first case, accounting data, and in the second a rule of thumb for recouping the initial investment within a specified time period.   Neither of these methods tell us much about the financial and wealth creating as pects of the project in question  (Hajddasinski, 1993).   Payback is simply a measure of the amount of time it takes to recoup the initial investment, and as such has little to do with maximising shareholder wealth, it is entirely possible for a project to recoup the initial investment very quickly but them go on to actually destroy wealth in later years, particularly when a project runs for a significant period of time.   The Accounting rate of return similarly tells us little about the wealth creation of the project, considering as it usually does non financial items such as depreciation which have little to do with the amount of actual wealth returned to shareholders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Principals of Corporate Finance Motorway Access Ltd" essay for you Create order Neither of these techniques takes into consideration systematic risk to shareholders, and as such ignores an important and fundamental aspect of modern finance theory.   Indeed it is only Net Present Value (NPV) which can tell us about the wealth creating and destroying aspects of a project and as such it is this technique (along with the similar technique of Internal Rate of Return (IRR)) which can give decision relevant information in terms of shareholder wealth  (Lefley, 2004). Briefly NPV uses a discount factor, based upon the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) which adjusts the incremental net cashflows of a project for systemic risk, thus ensuring that the wealth created for the company reflects the time value of money  (Amran, 1999).   Much of the methodology in NPV requires one to recognise incremental cashflows and to remove those which have no relevance to wealth creation, particularly accounting derivations such as depreciation.   Other cashflows which need not be included are sunk costs and other costs which would exist regardless of the projects acceptance.   Thus the analysis concentrates on the wealth creating (or destroying) aspects of projects rather than the book conventions and ephemeral of other techniques.   It results in a cash figure, in terms of either wealth added or destroyed by the acceptance of the project and is particularly useful for the ranking of projects in times of capital rationing.   NPV is a powerful decision making tool, but not without considerable problems in and of itself.   NPV requires the firm to estimate future cashflows, and as will be seen, the accuracy of these cashflows are of significant importance to the viability of the project  (Amran, 1999).   Further the use of NPV is considered by many to be far more complex than most other techniques and non specialists may find the results and even the preparation of this analysis to be a significant challenge.   Further the discount factor itself is often controversial, WACC is only one of a range of factors which can be used, but is most theoretically correct (as will be seen in the discussion later of the capital gearing theory), but without a very accurate discount factor the analysis is at serious risk of error  (Hillier, 1963).   Notwithstanding these problems NPV is one of the most relevant and reliable tools of investment appraisal and satisfies much of the theoretical underpinning of the subject of finance. This report finds that the project returns a positive NPV and satisfies all of the other investment criteria and therefore should be undertaken  (Graham, 2001). Results Findings Please see appendix A for the full derivation of the results and findings. Net Profit ( £) 2792009 Payback 2.5 years ARR% 55.84018 NPV 1767785 IRR 21% This is based on a cost of equity capital of 6% which in turn is based on the calculation for Equity Capital under the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CapM): Where Ke is the cost of equity capital, rf is the risk free rate (often gilts) ? is the assigned Beta of the share and rm is the market risk.   For the company this equates to 5.31% which has been rounded up to the nearest whole (under the assumption that it is better to err on the side of caution) Discussion and Analysis As has been established in the introduction the primacy of the NPV technique carries with it a significant theoretical advantage over other methods.   IRR too is based on the same methodology and gives the cost of capital at which the NV of the project would be zero, as such it provides for the maximum cost of capita at which the project would be viable.   It would seem that this project is worth undertaking, not only does it satisfy all of the existing criteria for the firm, but it also returns wealth to the shareholders given the risk class of the share.   The problems of NPV have to, however, be considered in line with the predictability of cashflows and the sensitivity of the project to the accuracy of these cashflows  (Kim S.H. Crick, 1986).   If the cars per day through the toll booths were a thousand less the project returns a negative NPV and in effect destroys wealth for shareholders: Time 0 1 2 3 4 Income    Vehicles (Est) p/day 0 2000 1400 1200 1000    Toll p/car ( £) 0 4 5 5.5 6    Income p/day 0 8000 7000 6600 6000    Income p/annum 0 2920000 2555000 2409000 2190000 Expenditure    Operating costs (@ £ p/vehicle) 0 2 2.5 3 3.5    Total Operating costs 0 1460000 1277500 1314000 1277500    Wages (@ £288 p/day * 365) 0 105120 105120 105120 105120    Outlay 5000000 Total Expenditure 5000000 1565122 1382623 1419123 1382624 Net Income -5000000 1354878 1172378 989877 807376.5 Net Profit -675491 ARR% -13.5098 Discount @ 6% (Cost of Equity Capital) 0.942 0.888 0.8375 0.7903 DCF -5000000 1276295 1041071 829022 638069.6 NPV -1215542 As wages are fixed this cost is not sensitive to change, but other costs may be, if operating costs rise by 50% then the project also destroys wealth: Time 0 1 2 3 4 Income    Vehicles (Est) p/day 0 3000 2400 2200 2000    Toll p/car ( £) 0 4 5 5.5 6    Income p/day 0 12000 12000 12100 12000    Income p/annum 0 4380000 4380000 4416500 4380000 Expenditure    Operating costs (@ £ p/vehicle) 0 3 3.75 4.5 4.75    Total Operating costs 0 3285000 3285000 3613500 3467500    Wages (@ £288 p/day * 365) 0 105120 105120 105120 105120    Outlay 5000000 Total Expenditure 5000000 3390123 3390124 3718625 3572625 Net Income -5000000 989877 989876.3 697875.5 807375.3 Net Profit -1514996 ARR% -30.2999 Discount @ 6% (Cost of Equity Capital) 0.942 0.888 0.8375 0.7903 DCF -5000000 932464.1 879010.1 584470.7 638068.7 NPV -1965986 IRR -14% In both these scenarios the changes to the cashflows has a devastating effect on the viability of the project, one which is not communicated adequately (especially in terms of the costs) by ARR, or even payback.   Imagine not quantative factors that may cause these scenarios to happen.   Drivers believe that the price of the toll is too high and find alternative routes to avoid paying the toll.   In the case of costs hikes in energy prices or other operating costs could easily impact on the viability.   These quick examples demonstrate the dangers of making assumptions about the future, and as such one must be very careful about the assumptions made n cashflows.   One way of adjusting for these un systematic risks is to conduct sensitivity analysis, and to use statistical techniques to adjust the NPV, this is often termed Expected Net Present Value (ENPV) and uses standard deviation to adjust for risk.   Further the cost of capital is a significant factor in the reliabi lity of NPV  (Pogue, 2004).   Herein the cost of equity capital is used, as the firm is geared to all equity this is probably a realistic cost of capital, but perhaps investors see the direction of the firm as particularly risky and require further compensation.   Using WACC is only one option for managers and indeed the use of WACC does not always adequately adjust for the risk seen as inherently bigger as cashflow move forward in time.   Consideration needs to be given to the discount factor used. Lastly, and in particular reference to the WACC it is important to consider the nature of the capital structure o the company  (Harris, 1991).   Capital structure generally refers to the mixture of debt and equity which goes to make up the capital of the company, known as gearing, and represented as a proportional ration.   Assume that the company has  £5,000,000 of equity, as is stated, in the form of equity and has no debt.   As this is a large capital project the company is faced with a decision as to how to finance the project.   Assuming that the only options are a rights issue to generate more equity or debt (in the form of debentures, typical of long term borrowing) then a decision needs to be made as to which course is better for the company as a whole.   Gearing is another contentious issue in finance with no correct answer to the problem of optimal gearing.   A number of theoretical approaches can be applied to the problem, most notably the work of Modigliani and Miller (MM) and their irrelevancy propositions  (Modigliani, 1958).   To understand this, it is important to understand a number of features of both debt and equity.   Equity as has been said is governed by the risk it represents for equity holders, often in the form of Beta, Debt is not governed by this and is rather a cost in terms of the interest payments over the life of the debenture and the repayment of the capital sum at the end of the loan.   Therefore D ebt is often cheaper than equity as the risk is considered lower than that of a shareholder.   If one thinks of an Income Statement from a set of accounts, one can clearly see that Interest is payable regardless of the profit attributable to shareholders, in effect the bank gets paid first.   Further there is a tax shield on interest payments, as these are a cost of the company and therefore reduce the amount of corporation tax payable.   Therefore consider the following example.   The company currently has  £5m in equity and requires a further  £5m to finance the toll booth project.   It s cost of equity capital is 6% but it is able to borrow at 5% debentures, the rate of corporation tax is 30%.   A it stands the WACC is 6% and if the company issues a further  £5m to finance the project it will remain so, if however the company borrows the  £5m the following holds: Debt Equity % Cost 5 6 Gearing 0.5 0.5 Wacc 5.5 With a further reduction of (1-T) to represent the tax shield this figure becomes 5.15%, the cost of capital has been effectively lowered.   This means that future projects (as it is important to use the existing cost of capital for investment appraisal regardless of how the project is to be financed for NPV calculations) will be return more wealth to shareholders.   The work of MM, however, pointed out that in a theoretically perfect world (no tax, symmetry of information and borrowing rates as well as other theoretical suppositions) the reduction is exactly off set by the increased risk from extending borrowing as follows: (Source, G Arnold, Corporate Financial Management. 3rd Edition, London: Prentice Hall) Therefore there is an increase of risk to equity shareholders with the introduction of debt, as debt takes primary importance when paying out the proceeds of projects.   AS such it is important to find the optimal level of gearing, which is likely to be differen t for each firm.   In this case, however, there is no existing debt, and as such it is logical to assume that the company could sustain a level of gearing other than 100% equity  (Harris, 1991). Recommendations The report makes the following recommendations o the managers of the company. The project, as it is presented in the brief is a viable project given the cost of capital the company has.   There are a number of concerns, however, and these need to be taken into consideration before proceeding.   These are The cashflows of the project are sensitive, specifically the revenue and operating costs of the project, changes to these will change the profitability and wealth generation of the project.   It is recommended that further sensitivity analysis be undertaken. The cost of capital is the hurdle rate used for the analysis, the Directors may wish to use other figures to demonstrate other risks in terms of the project. As to Gearing, given that the company is at present wholly geared by equity it is felt that the company can stand some debt and effectively lower the WACC in the future.   The optimal gearing level will depend on a number of factors these are: The price of the debt and the marginal tax rate. The Preference of equity holders. The amount of risk of financial distress posed by the debt. AS such it is important to consider these factors and to evaluate the possible effects of all of these factors and others discussed in this report. Conclusions This report has summarised some of the key themes in modern financial thought, tracing its roots back to the seminal work of the key players in the field, especially Modigliani and Miller.   Finance is neither science or art , rather it is an amalgam of the two, there are no ‘off the peg solutions and many of the techniques discussed herein are merely tools with which one can transform the data at hand into more relevant information.   None of the approaches alone can give one a ‘right answer from available data.   One must consider the full range of issues, from the theoretical strengths and weaknesses of the appraisal techniques and gearing theory, to the specific features of the project and company themselves to arrive at an optimal decision.   As such one needs to understand how finance operates at a fundamental level of the firm and the consequences of decisions made by managers on firm performance and investor attitude.   The recommendations made herein are based on the limited data available via the brief and many other factors are likely to come into play. Bibliography Amran, M. a. (1999). Real Options: Managing Strategic Investemtn in and Uncertain world. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Arnold, G. (2007). Financial Managment. London: Prentice Hall. Drury, C. (2006). Managment Cost Accounting. London : Prentice. Farma, E. (1978). The effects of a firms investment and financing decisions. American Economic Review 68 (3) , 272-84. Fischer, I. (Reprinted 1977). The Theory of Interest. Porcupine Press. Fisher, F. . (1983). On the misuse of accounting rates of return to infer monopoly profits. Amaerican Economic Review 73 , 82-97. Graham, J. . (2001). The Theory and Practice of corporate fiinance; evidence from the field. Journal of Financial Economics 60 (2-3) , 187-243. Hajddasinski, M. (1993). The Payback period as a measure of profitability and liquidity. Engineering Economist 38 (3) , 177-91. Harris, M. . (1991). The theory of capital structure. Journal of Finance, 46 , 297-355. Hertz, D. B. (1964). Risk analysis in capital inves tment. Harvard Business Review , 95-106. Hillier, F. (1963). The derivation of probabilistic information for the evaluation of risky investments. Managment Science , 443-57. Hirshliefer, J. (1961). On the theory of optimal investment decision. American Economic Review , 112-20. Kim S.H. Crick, T. (1986). Do executives practice what academics teach? Management Accounting , 49-52. Lefley, F. (2004). An assessment of various approaches for evaluating project strategic benefits; Recommending the strategic index. Management Decision 42:7 , 850-862. Modigliani, F. . (1958). The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. American Economic Review 48 , 261-97. Pinches, G. (1982). Myopia, capital budgetting and decision making. Financial Managment , 6-19. Pogue, M. (2004). Investment appraisal A new approach. Managerial Auditing Journal 19:4 , 565-570. Ross, S. (1995). Uses, abuses and alternatives to the Net Present Value tule. Financial Managment , 96-102. Solomon, E. (1963). The Theory of Financial Management. New York: Columbia University Press. Wilkes, F. (1980). On multiple rates of return. Journal of Business, Finance and Accounting, 7 (4) .

Micromotives and Macrobehavior Essay - 811 Words

Micromotive is the inner motivation that leads us in performing particular acts. Those decisions are to pursue peoples’ own self interest, unintentionally lead to contradict with other people’s acts. Chasing that idea of human nature T. Shelling gives us variable results of how micromotives can guide the society in the world of externalities. Economists tend to rely on A. Smith’s â€Å"Wealth of nation† where he talks about invisible hand theorem† according to which people seek to promote their own self interests in the society and also promote the interest of society. (McConnel, B.). Schelling in his paper presents things from different angle. He convinces us that individual actions can lead to surprising results as an aggregate. In our†¦show more content†¦One meaning is seen in situations like choosing whether to drive on the left or the right lanes. The drivers must coordinate to each others behavior, so accidents will be avoided. Many times we have been challenged by those situations where you want to behave just like everyone else or not behaving just like everyone else. Invisible coordinating laws influence our decisions and behavior in those situations. For example at the funeral everyone is trying to wear dark colors rather then bright and flashy. Government is taking part in coordinating our behavior by establishing rules and regulations. For example you are not allowed to drive above speed limit otherwise a state trooper may pull you over. Schelling believes that segregation results from different micromotives that people may have because of different ethnicities, skin color or religion. He observed the phenomenon of diversity between people those qualities that choose to live in the same neighborhoods. That supports the idea of social contract where people of the same background have the same micromotives that help to interact with each other in harmony. He believes that racism is not the main factor of segregation in the neighborhoods. Based on â€Å"micromotives† theory broad diversity of viewpoints among individuals leads them to ling and interact more often with those who hold similar opinions. Black people are likely to buy or rent an apartment in a similar ethnic

Managing People and Organization for Performance - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theManaging People and Organizationfor Performance Assessment. Answer: Selected Incident I had just joined a new company as a sales representative. Unfortunately, I was chosen to lead a team of sales persons in the organization. This was quite challenging for me given the short notice to deliver reports on team progress. I gathered my staff together so as to decide on the goals that we would wish to achieve as a group. I had to install so much pressure on my group members so as to ensure that most of the team tasks are completed on time. Sadly, my team did not emerge as the best-performed team despite the great efforts, and we had invested towards goal implementations and team communication. I realized that other teams had succeeded because their leaders set strategic plans and linked team members objective and mission to that of the organization. The team members in other groups had clear concepts of what was expected of them, they, therefore, focused on setting clear performance objectives Analysis As a leader, I lacked a clear development plan, I did not provide feedback for group discussions to the members, neither did I conduct a performance assessment to determine our performance progress, thus leading to poor performance. I had assumed that communicating with team members would enhance the better performance of the groups; I had ignored team performance management skills such as clear and effective goal setting (Gommez et al.,2014). Most of my team members had several expectations of me as a leader in guiding them towards achieving the organization mission and vision. My failure can be associated with lack of proper connections to the group members as I had put so much pressure on the members, thus ignoring the reactions of members towards achieving the team objectives. I, therefore, lacked directive on how to handle different situations within the group as the organization did not provide any guidance or coaching on how to manage the team I was leading. Improvement Planning I believe that the poor performance in my group was more linked to lack of proper support from my team and the organization administrative team. Being a new member in the company, I was assigned the responsibility to carry out but was not guided on how to perform it efficiently. This can be associated to lack of practical coaching skills from the administrative department.I also associate my failure to lack of support from colleagues as they lacked team work spirit; they over-relied on me to perform group tasks. As an individual, I lacked proper communication approach as I did not ask for help nor support from my directors nor my colleagues whenever I faced the challenges. I intend to improve my performance by developing proper communication skills, attending more pieces of training on performance and employee management and also by advocating for teamwork spirit among all staff working in my organization. I conquer that organizational success will only be achieved in three ways; eff ective communication, collaboration and through training and mentorship (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). Work Cited Gomez-Mejia, L.R., Berrone, P. and Franco-Santos, M., 2014.Compensation and organizational performance: Theory, research, and practice. Routledge. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014.Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

movie review Essays (1000 words) - English-language Films, Films

With his latest offering, "Finding Forrester ", director Gus Van Sant redeems himself for his completely unnecessary color photocopy of "Psycho" from 1998. " Finding Forrester ", which details the bond that develops between two writers, an aged Pulitzer Prize-winner and a teenage boy from the Bronx, shares many similarities with Van Sant's mainstream calling card from 1997, Good Will Hunting". With an elderly mentor who has lost faith in both himself and the world, a pupil who prefers to hide than use his boundless unrealized potential, and a symbiotic relationship in which both student and teacher learn life lessons through their shared experience, some have nicknamed the film "Good Will Forrester". Despite the overt similarities, "Finding Forrester" is still an absorbing and inspirational drama, thanks to its well-written script and potent performances. In fact, "Finding Forrester" just might give "Gladiator", "Erin Brockovich", "Requiem for a Dream", and "Traffic" some strong comp etition for the title of 'Best Film of 2000'. Bronx high school student Jamal Wallace (Rob Brown, in his feature film debut) is a bit of an enigma. His grades are mediocre, but a recent standardized test demonstrates that he is well beyond the abilities of his peers, making him an easy shoo-in for top-notch colleges. But instead of scholarly pursuits, he prefers to devote his efforts in two areas, basketball and writing. As a gifted basketball player, he earns the acceptance and respect of his peers on the court, who otherwise discourage any public displays of advanced mental aptitude. In his notebooks, which he has never shown anyone, Jamal writes for himself, jotting down thoughts and short pieces whenever he gets a chance. Jamal's life takes an unexpected turn when he accepts a dare to retrieve a 'souvenir' from the apartment of an elderly recluse whose window faces the school. Though Jamal is able to slip into the apartment, he is caught red-handed and during the panicked escape, he leaves behind his schoolbag containing his journals. A few days later, Jamal has his schoolbag returned to him, but he finds that the tenant has not only read his journals, but has written feedback on the pages. It seems that the recluse is none other than once-celebrated author William Forrester , who wrote his 'Great Twentieth Century Novel' "Avalon Landing", and was never heard from again for five decades. Pretty soon, Jamal is making regular trips to Forrester's apartment to seek help in developing his writing skills. And so begins an unlikely relationship between the two passionate writers, where Jamal will receive instruction from the Pulitzer Prize-winner, so long as he does not reveal Forrester's identity, ask any 'personal questions', or ask 'why there was only one book'. Meanwhile, Jamal's test scores have caught the attention of several prestigious schools, and he is offered a full scholarship to finish high school at Mailor-Callow, a top-tier prep school. Unfortunately, Jamal finds the adjustment difficult, as it seems that nobody wants him there. The Mailor-Callow basketball team seems to have some hostility towards the new superstar athlete in their midst, while Robert Crawford, Jamal's English professor, has serious doubts about the academic abilities of his newest student, thinking Jamal to be another slacker on an athletic scholarship. Fortunately, Jamal finds one ally in his new surroundings, a kind and comely fellow student named Claire, who also happens to be the daughter of the head of the school's board of directors. The relationship between Jamal and Forrester is the centerpiece of the film, and the shared learning they experience in each other's company is what drives the emotional beats of the story. On the one hand, Jamal is an extremely intelligent boy who needs direction and focus, which Forrester provides by helping Jamal realize his true potential. On the other hand, Forrester is a man who has long given up on the world and his ability to write, preferring to live out his days within the confines of his apartment. Through his relationship with Jamal, Forrester is able to rediscover his passion for the written word, and the simple pleasures of the outside world that he has denied himself for so long. Not surprisingly, the most engaging aspects of "Finding Forrester" are the interactions between these two protagonists. Together,

Free Essays on Reality Vs Apperance

Appearance vs. Reality In the play "A Streetcar Named Desire," written by Tennessee Williams, there are many different themes. A main theme in this play is the contradiction between appearance and reality. Blanche Dubois hides from the truth and often escapes through illusions. At first, Blanche seems to be a high strung, but refined, woman who has come to New Orleans to pay her sister a visit. But as the play unfolds her past is revealed. She came to Elysian Fields seeking love and help, but she found hostility and rejection. Blanche has been scarred by her husband's suicide and by the lost of her home. She rejects reality in favor of illusion because reality has harmed her so many times before. Too much truthfullness destroyed her marriage and death has taken her ancestorial house. Her last resort was dreams therefore she says what should be true but in reality isn't. She realizes that she is no longer attractive to men. She flirts in very dimly lit places because she is afraid of what men might think of her if they see the real her. She believes that deception is half of a ladys charm. Stanley, her brother-in-law is set out to destroy her. He finds her a threat to his relationship with Stella. Soon enough Blache and Mitch start to talk. He is the first person to be attracted to her since she has arrived in New Orleans. Mitch sees a refined charming and intelliegent women. She never tells him the truth about her. Mitch talks of marriage around her and she get delighted that a man has thought of marrying her. She then reveals the truth of her husband. Blanch can't erase from her mind the image of his bloody corpse or the sound of his fatal gunshot. "...the searchlight which had been turned on the world was turned off again and never for one moment since then has there been any light that's stonger thnan thiskitchencandle."(pg 96)! She exposes the fact that she wants to have someone and wants to be marri... Free Essays on Reality Vs Apperance Free Essays on Reality Vs Apperance Appearance vs. Reality In the play "A Streetcar Named Desire," written by Tennessee Williams, there are many different themes. A main theme in this play is the contradiction between appearance and reality. Blanche Dubois hides from the truth and often escapes through illusions. At first, Blanche seems to be a high strung, but refined, woman who has come to New Orleans to pay her sister a visit. But as the play unfolds her past is revealed. She came to Elysian Fields seeking love and help, but she found hostility and rejection. Blanche has been scarred by her husband's suicide and by the lost of her home. She rejects reality in favor of illusion because reality has harmed her so many times before. Too much truthfullness destroyed her marriage and death has taken her ancestorial house. Her last resort was dreams therefore she says what should be true but in reality isn't. She realizes that she is no longer attractive to men. She flirts in very dimly lit places because she is afraid of what men might think of her if they see the real her. She believes that deception is half of a ladys charm. Stanley, her brother-in-law is set out to destroy her. He finds her a threat to his relationship with Stella. Soon enough Blache and Mitch start to talk. He is the first person to be attracted to her since she has arrived in New Orleans. Mitch sees a refined charming and intelliegent women. She never tells him the truth about her. Mitch talks of marriage around her and she get delighted that a man has thought of marrying her. She then reveals the truth of her husband. Blanch can't erase from her mind the image of his bloody corpse or the sound of his fatal gunshot. "...the searchlight which had been turned on the world was turned off again and never for one moment since then has there been any light that's stonger thnan thiskitchencandle."(pg 96)! She exposes the fact that she wants to have someone and wants to be marri...

GEOGRAPHIES OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

GEOGRAPHIES OF SUSTAINABLE FOOD - Essay Example The global food print has risen sturdily over the years. In 1961, 27% of the earth’s biosphere had been used up by the global food system (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 1). Currently, 40% of the earth’s biologically productive area is under the global food system or 47%, if non-edible crops (such as tobacco) or unharvested crops are included (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 2). Infrastructure and urban growth utilizes the additional productive land, while also exerting pressure on existing ecosystems. In fact, expanding food production to new and less productive marginal lands is not a sustainable option in the long term. Bringing the global food print in line with the earth’s biosphere capacity is the only sustainable solution to the current unsustainable global food system (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 1). Three major revolutions have changed agricultural production in the fullness of time. The initial revolution concerned the growth of sow agricu lture and the utilization of animal muscle to increase arable land. The next revolution occupied the more advance of technologies, such as enhanced yokes for extra organized animal labor, fertilizers application, and improvement of drainage systems; at the same instant, the industrial revolution began. The third revolution was distinguished by numerous innovations; food manufacturing chemical agriculture and automation. The last revolution laid the base for the agricultural industry, transforming agriculture from the farm to the entire practice of developing high yielding hybrids, as well as food transport to the user, developing an agro-commodity manufacture scheme (Knox and Marston 266). Biotechnology is a new phenomenon in agriculture. Enthusiasts on the one hand suggest that production expenses reduce when biotechnology is utilized in farming, handling matters of environmental deterioration, chemicals misuse, and soil exhaustion. All together, Biotechnology worries a number of c ritics who argue that the circulation of Biotechnology resides in the selected parts of the world, with its advantages never benefiting the consumer. Biotechnology seeks to transform farming, making several farming practices outdated (Knox and Marston 298). What are the main challenges currently confronting our global food system? The current global food system was popular until late in the 20th century. More food was produced than before, more cheaply and with a measure of safety, assortment, quality, and ease that previous generations would find puzzling (Wilson 1). Hunger seemed to be a thing of the past. Currently however, the global food systems seem to promote overconsumption and scarcity, at the same time shrinking the earth’s ability to produce food in future. (Wilson 2). Aligning the global food print with the earth’s biosphere capacity is the major challenge facing the current global food system. The global food print is comprised of four primary components, these are cropland. Pasture, energy, and fisheries. Understanding patterns of bio-capacity consumption by each of these sectors enables easier and specific targeting of these consumption areas of the global food print (Deumling, Wackernagel and Monfreda 2). The cropland footprint has gradually increased with the world population. Intensified

Contracting and Procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contracting and Procurement - Essay Example The second type of contract is the cost-reimbursement contract wherein all incurred costs that lie with a pre-determined ceiling are agreed to be paid. 1. Hiring of technicians to install and configure the software for a particular environment is indeed a critical task. While hiring people for this purpose, it is very much necessary that, the individual is assessed on different parameters which would help determine if that particular person has the capability and knowledge of how to configure and install softwares. It would be an added advantage if the person has a prior experience in the particular task. The type of contract that can be pursued for such kind of purposes can be a cost reimbursement category contract. In the cost reimbursement contract type, specifically a cost type or cost-plus-incentive-fee contract can be opted for (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2008). In these types of contracts payments of all incurred costs which range within a predetermined total estimated cost are paid to the people who are hired. 2. Whenever a training entity is hired for the purpose of teaching Project Management students about the techniques of using the newly installed software, it would definitely be for a particular duration, for instance a stipulated number of days or months. Cost sharing contract is the appropriate choice for such tasks. In a cost sharing contract, both the parties involved in the contract share or agree to split the cost of performance. In this case, it can be said that the company would agree to provide the required infrastructure and the trainer who is being hired for the purpose of training would agree to supply the course curriculum and instruction manuals etc. 3. Buying a new server and software to run the tool and house the project database involves identifying and locating both hardware and software. Identifying both hardware and software service providers involves market research. If a market research is done, then obviously various quotes would be obtained from different vendors from which the company would select the best optimum vendor depending on the quote and place the order. These kinds of contracts can be executed by cost reimbursement contracts and in this specifically, cost-plus-fixed-fee. According to the Cost-plus-fixed-fee contracts, all incurred costs are paid apart from a fixed fee which is not supposed to change all through the contract. 4. Hiring tool usage experts to transfer knowledge to the student PMs about the use of the tool on the job for the first 60 days after going "live" clearly states that it is for a stipulated period i.e. for 60 days. Here, the hiring of an individual is done for a particular time period. Hence, in this case it would be appropriate that the person is hired on the basis of an hourly rate i.e. a particular amount for the number of hours worked. The type of contract that can be pursued in this case would be cost type contract in which payments of all incurred costs which range within a predetermined total estimated cost are paid to the people who are hired. 5. Plan for the removal and disposal of the no longer to be used scheduling tool software and hardware also falls into the same category as to where a person is hired for the installation of the software. The person who

Democratic Education Essay Example for Free

Democratic Education Essay Democratic Education should be a mainstream style of teaching, and should be taught specifically to anyone aspiring to become any type of successful instructor. Everywhere you go the world is constantly changing, people adapt, time ticks away, and the days come and go, every waking moment is progression to the future. Why is the one thing that we as a society depend on for survival going backwards? Our education system and the way we educate children is the only tool we as a society use to ensure our existence, think of the world as a well oiled machine. If you neglect certain parts, yes maybe it will keep working for a short while. Eventually the machine will fall apart because of the mistreating and lack of or poor maintenance, if we keep neglecting our education system by turning a blind eye to the type of educators we give teaching credentials to or the way our current teachers or professors are instruction our future, then our existence is headed for an abrupt halt. Schools need to embrace interesting, interactive-learning environments throughout the curriculum. â€Å"If you do not want to do something, you will not, period.† This thought means if someone is in a place that does not at least entertain the senses, let alone stimulate the mind then why even waste the time to just be physically be present? By doing that it wastes money, and more importantly the teacher and the students time. Democratic education as a teaching style is based on â€Å"affirmative authority without disrespect of freedom†; Democratic Education, by bell hooks. Authoritative guidance with inspiring, limitless, encouragement should be the goal of every type of educational course offered in the United States. We need to input this style of teaching into our aspiring teachers required classes to graduate at any institution or university across the country. We need democratic education because this type of teaching inspires the students, just because someone passes a test or any kind of written exam does not determine someones intelligence. The definition of the term intelligence, according to www.google.com, means the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. This applies to institutions and their instructors because if a pupil is not taught how to apply these skills he or she has been taught how does this apply to the fast-pace times that we live in today? The answer is, it does not. Democratic education benefits the entire classroom rather than just a select few because of the more upbeat style of teaching. The beauty of democratic education is that it can also be incorporated with the old style of a more text-geared curriculum as well. It has the potential to improve teaching as a profession because it would lengthen the required courses to become a teacher, therefore narrowing the number of instructors produced. With that being said, the teaching salaries can improve because of the new demand for this productive style of teaching that K-12 schools would require the employed instructors to have completed during their college career(s). Our future generations upbringing needs to be updated according to the new age that we live in today. Democratic education needs to be a mainstream style of teaching, not for our benefit, but for the future of the precious world that you and I share. This is not a type of thing to be organized and implemented to help certain individuals succeed but for everyone, we need to teach our children that as a country we are a collective, and as individuals we are our own. Democratic education be used as another tool to help us educate the country and create a more successful tomorrow.

The Importance of Censorship :: Television Media TV Censorship

The Importance of Censorship As new technologies evolve and become a part of our daily lives, so do television shows and what people are allowed to view on a regular basis. Censorship, a word that seems to be causing quite some controversy over certain people may not be such a bad idea. As America has seen, a countless amount of people have been known to complain about censorship on television. Although this seems to be a problem to some, maybe the real question to be asked is, is there enough censorship of television? Many families agree that certain rated R movies should not be shown to young children and only certain shows should be censored to an extent, yet they do not see the significant effect that regular television shows really have on their children.As a child grows, more and more statistics are proving that they are being exposed to too many shows that should be censored. Many studies have concluded that young children are most affected by what they see on television (Dritz, Russel 1996). For example, a child that watches a cartoon with a lot of violence or tunes into their parents favorite soap opera might find an increasingly amount of exposure to violent acts and sexual content. Children are very vulnerable to such influences and often do not know the difference between right and wrong and the difference between reality and fantasy (Dritz, Russel 1996). As the years go on and television seems to be too censored to most, studies have continued to prove the increasing numbers of children associated with violence and sexual behavior. Although a seemingly older statistic, the Neilson Index averaged American children to watch 18,000 television murders before he or she graduated from high school (Tucker, Larry A. 1988). Could this be a reason for an increasing amount of murders and violent acts among children today?

People Pleaser

Ethics And Values Assignment Monisha Chandar. B Sometimes we take exception to a decision, yet we nod in agreement, or we simply let it pass. we justify our acquiescence as keeping the peace, or knowing when to pick our battles. But something else is going on. we worry about saying no. About ruffling feathers. Or worse. So we keep mum. Or we say yes. Sometimes we hear ourself saying yes and we wish dearly that  no  would roll off our tongue, but it seems so much harder, more frightening, capable of unleashing a string of consequences that don’t bode well. Anger. Resistance. Disapproval.And now  yes  is the habit of a lifetime, the habit of our relationships, the habit of our role at work. If we always say yes, where do we put  no? Anxiety, migraines, sleeplessness, the nightly glass of wine, the cigarettes, the growing depression? Sometimes, we spend so many years accommodating – everyone – that we forget to accommodate ourself, wondering when â€Å"yo u† got lost in the mix. our life is filled with many good things, but something doesn’t quite fit. You  don’t quite fit. You’re not unhappy exactly, but nor would you say you’re happy. But then  no one’s  happy, right? Or so you tell yourself, seeking solace.But There’s absolutely nothing wrong with pleasing people, including ourselves. If we’re willing to make sacrifices for the sake of another, who are we to say that’s wrong? But the fact is, people pleasing isn’t about pleasing others, but fending off our fear of rejection. Those of us who would consider themselves people pleasers are generally individuals who feel the need to be accepted by the world around them. And not just a general acceptance, but that of each person they come in contact with. And to maintain this madness, we seek to please with abandon. Let me just start by saying that I’m one of the biggest people pleasers out there.Show me a possible moment of displeasure and I’ll jump in and fill the need as fast as I can in hopes of both harmony among those involved as well as positive feelings toward little old me. I’m not a saint by any stretch, I just have the disease to please. In the long run, we’re pleasing nobody. One of the great misconceptions among people pleasers is this idea that we’re ‘good people’ who are just trying to make everybody happy. As I stated before, it’s not so much our great concern for another human being, but our obsession with the way others may perceive us. As a result, we tend to say yes to everything and rarely stick up for ourselves.Even if someone blatantly wrongs us, we are usually the ones who absorb the hurt and then stand in the corner, fuming to ourselves. It’s not a pretty site. The fact is, when we try to please everybody, we end up pleasing nobody. Tired from the burnout that comes from the over extension of ourselves an d frustrated by the fact that we keep letting others take advantage of us,  we quickly become ineffective in helping others and often times end up resenting everyone around us. Then, when we finally run into a situation where our help is truly needed, we are too depleted to help out.Also, our ability to decipher a real need from that of someone trying to take advantage of our people pleasing nature, is quite skewed. In our minds, every ‘need’ is a requirement for us to act and in time, this wears us down to worthlessness. Different people pleasers Among Us :-! Its often said that people pleasing is a  woman’s issue? Think about it. Who do you know that’s most likely to capitulate, to compromise, to self-sacrifice – even to step into the doormat role on a regular basis? Who puts everyone’s needs before her own, believing that it is the better path – or the only path?Do these behaviors begin in our homes as children? Do they find rew ard in the classroom, in the adolescent dating waters, and then the workplace? Are you rewarded for pleasing, but at great cost to self-esteem, and even, ultimately, earning power? Do we eventually learn to use our people pleasing behavior in ways that benefit ourselves? The typical People Pleaser is someone who lacks an internal compass to gauge the value of their own actions, â€Å"As a result, they spend their lives looking for validation from others. † The Child’s Desire for Validation What child doesn’t seek the comfort and approval of a parent?Who among us doesn’t remember wanting to please those we loved, those in authority, those we admired? â€Å"Often,  parents  will simply tell kids what to do and never encourage them to assert themselves,† he says. â€Å"When the kids obey, the parents give them conditional love. † And when parents are physically or emotionally abusive, when they are absent, when they are erratic in doling ou t love or approval – the seeds of people pleasing behaviors are planted early, and reinforced. Not only does the child seek validation, but avoidance of pain, or the foreboding sensation that disapproval promises dire consequences.A Society of Silent Women? Silence as tacit consent can be destructive. Compliance, as a way of life, can be demeaning. People Pleasing, taken to an extreme, undermines an ability to function independently, or to direct our lives according to  our  goals rather than those of others. Women who suffer from people pleasing behaviors may not be  literally  silent, but – and I include myself here as a recovering People Pleaser – we are silent in voicing our true expressions of self. And in acting on them. We know ourselves as the tireless team players, the volunteers who rarely (if ever) say no, the cheery jugglers who are admired by others.But we fall into bed at night depleted, feeling as though the day’s accomplishments ar e insufficient, even if we ticked off items on an endless list. And incidentally, as the years wear on, frequently those items only peripherally involve  us. Parent Pleasers My own bouts with people pleasing derive from early training, absorbed in childhood. I was a Parent Pleaser. My father was often away, and my mother was the textbook narcissist – an imposing, even frightening force. Pleasing her meant greater likelihood ofnot  incurring her wrath – her booming voice, her verbal lashing, or any other form of punishment for stepping out of line.And stepping out of line generally meant doing or saying whatever displeased her at a given moment. I learned the necessity of  yes –  to anything she asked. Thus, my parent pleasing was less about the carrot than the stick. I was conditioned to avoid pain, and educated as the â€Å"good girl,† occasionally garnering reward in the form of parental approval. Is People Pleasing – a Syndrome? I have s pent my life in the pursuit of goals and simultaneously seeking to please those around me. Is there any crime in wanting a pleasant environment? A cooperative team? A tranquil household?I find nothing inherently wrong with a desire to please others or give pleasure. The problem arises when the scales constantly tip in favor of choices that are not in our own best interests. Or even, when behaviors are laden with motivations (conscious and otherwise) that drive us to please others in ways that are compulsive, that obscure our own needs and wants, or obliterate them altogether. Should we coin another syndrome, another personality disorder? Might we have a brave new pharmacological solution for this condition, , and a pill to miraculously restore our psychological balance of power? I suspect that’s already been done.And yet People Pleasing is not so simple, and nor is it always  a disadvantage. But taken to an extreme, the behaviors set us up for being benignly or maliciously exploited. People Pleasers are prime targets for narcissists, often gravitating toward each other, playing out subconscious scenarios that go unrecognized at the time. Pleasing Ourselves Must we toss away our people pleasing talents altogether? And they  are  talents, finely honed skills, and useful. Our most charismatic personalities are People Pleasers – successful motivational speakers, sales people, fundraisers, PTA organizers, celebrities, and politicians.There’s nothing wrong with people pleasing; in fact, there is much that is right. It is a matter of impetus and of degree. It is a matter of how you feel – about yourself, your actions, your purposeful inaction. Even for those of us who have tumbled into the trap of a lifetime of people pleasing, we can learn to transform some of these behaviors into advantages. We use them to make friends, to network professionally, to be conciliatory when it is truly required. We learn to please bosses and spouses an d those in the public arena whose help we may need. The problem comes when we don’t dare to  displease.How to Stop Being a People Pleaser At a certain point, the light bulb goes on. We may think –  it’s too much, I want to find myself again, I want something for me. The People Pleaser  personality  may be one thing, but the skills are quite another. We needn’t cease pleasing people; we need to moderate our diet. Just as the narcissist might seek to curb her excessive ways. Or, the socially anxious, to interact with less fear. When it comes to people pleasing, it is not about stopping altogether; it is about awareness, and management of feelings and behaviors.My experience tells me that modifying any behavior is a slow process, a matter of practice, and determination. I continue to work at this precarious and essential balance, daily. Learning to say  yes –  to what is most important – by saying  no. Conclusion As individuals, w e all have our own personal flavor. Some are sweet, some salty and others plain bitter. But as a people pleaser, because of our skill of going with the flow at all costs, we lose our flavor all together. We try to blend with every personality we come in contact with and as a result our own personality fades.What makes you, YOU, is your own blend of Yes’s and No’s. It’s our beliefs and values and preferences that give us our spice. Lose this and you lose yourself in the process. Before long, you end up forgetting what you’re all about. This can be a scary realization and one that should be harnessed to help push us out of our people pleasing ways. We need to figure out for ourselves what needs we should be addressing and then go out and address them. Stop waiting for the world to dictate our attention and start attending to the needs we were meant to address.

US Public Financial and Fiscal Policies - 1858 Words

The US has the largest single national economy in the world. As it is a democratic society one might assume that the wealth is equally distributed amongst its people. In reality the nation is severely segregated in terms of who has the wealth and all the benefits associated with it. A central aspect of this unequal distribution results from Government Fiscal policies. This is especially true of Tax Revenue, with all the possible breaks, exemptions and loopholes that currently exist. The major benefactor of the current Tax system is what is commonly called the â€Å"1%†. This refers to the one percent of the population who control approximately 40% of the country’s wealth. Given this inequality it is imperative to consider alternative Economic†¦show more content†¦Considering that the average annual income in the U.S. is $51,017 , the benefits for the average American in ability to own stock is fairly low. The theory behind investing and this â€Å"tax break † is that it promotes investing in companies, which in turn will create jobs. It surely keeps in a sense money into the economy, but in reality this investment chain is a good way to take the income from salary and earn it back in this manner at a lower tax percentage. Lastly the third issue of concern for this paper in terms of the partition of financial situation in America is the Minimum Wage. The current federal minimum wage is $7.25 , leaving a full time employee at minimum wage earning a yearly salary of around $14,000. The poverty threshold for a family of four is $23,850 , leaving the current wage non-beneficial in providing a prosperous economy for the country. President Obama has been appealing to congress to â€Å"give America a raise† in wanting to raise the minimum to $10.10 federally, though it wouldn’t necessarily bring an individuals income greater then the poverty threshold, there would most definitely be an amelioration, but the need once agai n would be for more jobs which would employ the citizens. Companies get tax breaks for shipping their jobs overseas for manufacturing and service centers, and in turn eliminating the possibility of employing fromShow MoreRelatedThe United States National Debt Essay823 Words   |  4 Pageswhat the national debt is, how big it is, and what it has to do with us. The United States national debt can be divided into two major parts: public debt and intra-governmental holdings. Public debt, which comes from securities and bonds issued by the United States Treasury, is responsible for over 60 percent of the debt (â€Å"Debt Position and Activity Report† 1). 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